Arthroscopy

Arthroscopy is a surgical procedure enabling surgeons to visually diagnose and address issues within a joint. This minimally invasive technique, also known as arthroscopy, involves small incisions and utilizes a miniature viewing instrument or scope for guidance. In contrast to the traditional approach, where large incisions were made, affecting surrounding joint structures and tissues, arthroscopy allows for a more focused and less disruptive method. Surgeons can now visualize and perform surgeries without the need to fully open the joint.

Traditional surgical methods pose a higher risk of infection and entail a lengthier recovery period. In contrast, arthroscopy is a less invasive approach, leading to a reduced risk of infection and a shorter recovery time. Presently, arthroscopic surgery stands as one of the most prevalent orthopedic procedures.

Why is arthroscopy necessary?

The initial steps in diagnosing a joint injury involve a comprehensive examination of the patient's medical history, a thorough physical examination, and the use of radiographic studies such as x-rays, MRI, and CT scans. Arthroscopy serves as a crucial tool in making a final and often more accurate diagnosis than traditional "open" surgery, x-ray studies, or MRI alone.

Some of the more common reasons that knee arthroscopy is done in pediatric orthopaedics include:

• Torn meniscus (cartilage inside your knee)
• Discoid lateral mensicus (abnormally formed mensicus)
• Loose bodies in knee joint
• Fractures in or near knee joint (although these will often require an “open” approach)
• Repair of torn ligaments (can require open surgery)
• Persistent knee pain with failure of conservative therapy (diagnostic knee arthroscopy)
• Removal of inflamed lining (synovium) in the knee

Arthroscopy offers a versatile range of treatments, including common procedures such as trimming or repairing torn cartilage, reconstructing torn ligaments, removing inflamed synovial tissue, and addressing joint instability.

Special microscopic instruments are utilized in the performance of arthroscopic surgery. This includes small shavers and cutting instruments that are employed to remove and shape tissue that cannot be repaired.

Arthroscopic surgery is commonly conducted on an outpatient basis, allowing patients to return home on the same day as the procedure. Anesthesia options may include general, spinal, or local anesthesia.